See um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian umbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon umbi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"about, concerning"
],
"id": "en-um-non-prep-ySUrdS4M",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"concerning",
"concerning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"about, concerning [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"round, past, beyond"
],
"id": "en-um-non-prep--n2dtxhf",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"round, past, beyond [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over, across, along"
],
"id": "en-um-non-prep--nsvMaEB",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"over, across, along [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 4 3 5 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 7 0 5 5 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 4 1 73 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 3 3 2 72 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 14 8 8 38 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"during, at a point in time"
],
"id": "en-um-non-prep-H~l-pSfR",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"during, at a point in time [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"because of, for"
],
"id": "en-um-non-prep-Ti9~sAeA",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"because of, for [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: um"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: um"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "um",
"3": ";",
"4": "om<q:dialectal>",
"5": "øm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: um"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: om"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Danish: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: om"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: om"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "om",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian umbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon umbi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I remember giants / born long ago, […]",
"ref": "Vǫluspá, verse 2, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1",
"text": "Ek man jǫtna / ár um borna, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um."
],
"id": "en-um-non-particle-jB5tm2x2",
"links": [
[
"w:Poetic Edda",
"w:Poetic Edda"
],
[
"through",
"through#English"
],
[
"read",
"read#English"
],
[
"um",
"um#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(w:Poetic Edda) indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um."
]
}
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse particles",
"Old Norse prepositions",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian umbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon umbi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"about, concerning"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"concerning",
"concerning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"about, concerning [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"round, past, beyond"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"past",
"past"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"round, past, beyond [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over, across, along"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"along",
"along"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"over, across, along [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"during, at a point in time"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"during, at a point in time [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"because of, for"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because",
"because"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"because of, for [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"word": "um"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse particles",
"Old Norse prepositions",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: um"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: um"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "um",
"3": ";",
"4": "om<q:dialectal>",
"5": "øm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: um; (dialectal) om, øm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "um"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: um",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: um"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: om"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Danish: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: om"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "om"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: om"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "om",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: om"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*umbi",
"t": "around, about"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ymbe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ymbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "umbe"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian umbe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon umbi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "umbi"
},
"expansion": "Old High German umbi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”). Cognate with Old English ymbe, Old Frisian umbe, ombe, Old Saxon umbi, Old High German umbi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umb",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I remember giants / born long ago, […]",
"ref": "Vǫluspá, verse 2, lines 1-2, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 1",
"text": "Ek man jǫtna / ár um borna, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um."
],
"links": [
[
"w:Poetic Edda",
"w:Poetic Edda"
],
[
"through",
"through#English"
],
[
"read",
"read#English"
],
[
"um",
"um#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(w:Poetic Edda) indicates that the verbal action is completed, compare English “through” as in “read through”. For semantic development, compare adjectival usage of German um."
]
}
],
"word": "um"
}
Download raw JSONL data for um meaning in Old Norse (6.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: w:Poetic Edda",
"path": [
"um"
],
"section": "Old Norse",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "um",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: w:Poetic Edda",
"path": [
"um"
],
"section": "Old Norse",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "um",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.